The results of determining the optimum parameters of catalytic process of hydrocarbon processing on the example of the oxidative dehydrogenation of isopentane to isoprene and of n-butane to butadiene are cited. We solved the problem of determining theoretically optimum temperature profile in the dehydrogenation process on the basis of the maximum principle, which takes into account the maximum yield of desired product. Taking into account experimental data we have developed a mathematical model of kinetics process. Presented conditions are determining the theoretical optimum temperature profile, which allows one controlling the maximum yield of desired product with high selectivity per unit volume of reactor.