The article studies the effect of bentonite clay on the agrophysical and chemical properties of soil and on improving the ecological environment of plants, and determines the effect of mineral clays on the fertility of Absheron soils, plant productivity, and ecological status. The effect of bentonite clays on the amount of phosphorus in the soil under corn plants and on the productivity of the plant was studied in the experimental area of the Absheron Peninsula. The results of the field experiment showed that the combined application of granular superphosphate fertilizer, which contains phosphorus (P₂O₅) in its composition, and mineral clay to the soil has a favorable effect on both plant growth and the development of soil mass and the increase in phosphorus absorption efficiency. It has been shown during research that, when applied to soil alone or in combination with superphosphate, mineral clay forms a number of weakly bound compounds in the soil, which improves the water-physical and air regimes of the soil and creates favorable conditions for plant nutrition. As a result of the research conducted, it was concluded that the use of bentonite clay in various soil types can have a positive effect on increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.

doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2025-4-78-85