This article presents the results of the analysis, study and study of the physicochemical properties of oil sludge from contaminated areas on the Absheron Peninsula. It was determined that the concentrations of heavy metals, especially lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) in oil sludge samples taken from the Bibiheybat and Balakhani fields significantly exceed the current international and local environmental safety standards. FTIR and IR spectroscopic analysis were used for detailed analysis. IR spectra were analyzed using specialized software (Agilent MicroLab FTIR software). During this analysis, the main functional groups such as aliphatic hydrocarbons (C–H stretching vibrations), aromatic hydrocarbons (C=C stretching vibrations), carbonyl groups (C=O stretching vibrations), hydroxyl groups (-OH stretching vibrations) and carboxylic acids (–COOH vibrations) were identified. Thus, the detailed information obtained from the application of ICP-OES and FTIR spectroscopy methods for elemental and molecular analysis of oil sludge constitutes a fundamental scientific and technical basis for environmental management, pollution reduction, and effective cleanup measures on the Absheron Peninsula.